History
The beginning of this movement may be
traced back to Noble Drew Ali [formerly Timothy Drew],
who established the Moorish-American Science Temple in
Newark, NJ, in 1913. Their teachings, which came from
their understanding of the Holy Koran, included their
own version of creation, the fall, and the origin of the
black race.
Wallace Fard Muhammad [formerly Wallace
Dodd Fard] was a silk salesman who appeared in Detroit,
MI in 1930, teaching Black supremacy. He claimed to come
from the city of Mecca (Muhammad, Message, 16).
Wallace Fard Muhammad mysteriously disappeared in the
summer of 1934.
Elijah Muhammad [formerly Robert Poole]
declared Master Fard to be an incarnation of Allah, and
himself, the last messenger of Allah. Elijah Muhammad
died on February 25, 1975.
Malcolm X [formerly Malcolm Little] was
converted to the Nation of Islam in 1948, but in the
early 1960s became disenchanted with Elijah Muhammad. On
May 21, 1964 he made a life-changing pilgrimage to Mecca
and converted to orthodox Islam. Malcolm X was
assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, New York
on February 21, 1965.
Wallace Al-Din [formerly Wallace Deen
Muhammad], the son of Elijah Muhammad, was his appointed
successor (to the chagrin of many). He took the movement
in the direction of orthodox Islam, and changed the name
of the group from the Nation of Islam to the World
Community of Islam, and later to the American Muslim
Mission.
Louis Abdul Farrakhan [formerly Louis
Eugene Walcott] was converted to the Nation of Islam by
Malcolm X. In 1978 he separated from Wallace Muhammad
over doctrinal disagreements. He formed a splinter group
using the original name, the Nation of Islam, and
re-established the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. Louis
Farrakhan elevated Elijah Muhammad to Saviorhood and
claimed to be his earthly representative.
Theology
A. Scriptures
The Nation of Islam feels that both the
Koran and the Bible have been tampered with. "The Bible
and the Holy Qur’an are filled with truth that leads up
to the judgment…. The enemy [the white man] has tampered
with the truth in both books; for he has been permitted
to handle both books" (Muhammad, Message, 90).
They are looking for another book, which
is forthcoming. "Both the present Bible and the Holy
Qur’an must soon give way to that Holy Book which no man
as yet but Allah has seen. The teachings (prophecies) of
the present Bible and Qur’an take us up to the
resurrection and judgment of this world, but not into
the next life" (Muhammad, Message, 97).
The Bible is refered to as "the Poison
Book" (Muhammad, Message, 94).
B. Ultimate reality
In contrast to biblical teaching, the
Nation of Islam teaching that in the beginning a triple
blackness of space, water, and divinity existed.
C. God/gods
Seventy-six trillion years ago God willed
himself into existence out of the blackness of space and
water. This process took him six trillion years. God is
a black man and His name is Allah.
There are many gods of varying degrees.
No god is eternal; he lives and dies (Muhammad,
Message, 9).
Allah, who created the universe, was the
most powerful god. He is surpassed only by Elijah
Muhammad, the god whose coming was prophesied in the
Holy Scripture. Elijah Muhammad is wiser than all the
other gods.
At one time there was a council of 24
black-scientist gods. One of them acted as God while the
others worked on getting the future together for the
Nation.
D. Creation
After Allah came into existence, he
created the black race out of the black material in the
darkness of space. He then created the universe.
E. Man
The original inhabitants of earth were
all black, belonging to the tribe of Shabass. They were
divine beings and created good.
The black people became divided. An evil
scientist named Yacub was born in the dissenting group.
From childhood he determined to develop a race that
would rule the black people.
Yacub and his followers were eventually
imprisoned for voicing their dissatisfaction and exiled
to the island of Patmos. There he began to develop a new
race by experimenting with mutations. In the process he
created the red and yellow races and, after 600 years, a
completely white race devoid of any of the original,
divine substance. This new race of people was neither
human nor made by God, but "devils," without any
capacity for good.
The white people were released from the
island of Patmos. They began conquering nations around
the world, making slaves of black people, imposing on
them an inferior religion—Christianity, and depriving
them of their cultural heritage. Allah allowed this
white supremacy to occur for 6000 years, a period that
ended in 1914. Now is the time for the Nation of Islam
to regroup and regain an ascendant position.
F. Jesus
From various sources, we find that
according the Nation of Islam, Jesus was:
-only a mortal man and a prophet, not
God (Muhammad, Our Savior, 195),
-a black man who tried to redeem the
black Moabites and was executed by the white Romans,
-a Muslim, not a Christian (Muhammad,
Message, 22), and
-He did not rise from the dead
(Muhammad, Our Savior, 195, 210).
G. Salvation
Black people can reach perfection and
realize their divine potential by doing what is right
and forbidding what is wrong (i.e. following the Holy
Koran). Eventually they will become a nation of gods and
dwell in paradise for all eternity.
No possibility exists for reforming white
people because they are pure evil. For perfection to
occur, they must be annihilated.
H. Judgment
A great spaceship, the Mother Plane, will
carry out Allah’s judgment (Muhammad, The Final Call,
19). This judgment will not only destroy the white race
but also Christianity.
Witnessing
In your attempts to witness to a person
involved in the Nation of Islam, bear in mind the
following points:
1. Christianity, far from being the
"white man’s religion," is a universal faith open to
all men and women.
2. A major theme of the Bible is the
care and love that true believers are to show for each
other (John 13:34-35) and for the poor and oppressed
(Isaiah 58:6-7; Proverbs 29:7; 30:14; Micah 6:8; Amos
8:4-5). That many professing Christians have failed to
live up to this standard is the fault of human
sinfulness, not Jesus Christ or biblical teaching.
3. In a world seething with distrust
and hostility, Jesus’ radical teaching, "Love your
enemies" (Luke 6:27-28, 32-33, 35), desperately needs
to be applied by people of all races. Only then can
the vicious cycle of hate be broken.
Focus your witnessing on:
God
a. There is only one God (Deuteronomy
6:4; Isaiah 45:5-6; 1 Corinthians 8:4-6). He exists
eternally [i.e. without beginning or ending] (Psalm
90:2). His nature is Spirit (John 4:24).
b. He is Triune [i.e., He eternally
exists in three Persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit]
(Galatians 1:1; John 1:1; Acts 5:3-4).
c. He created the universe from nothing
(Genesis 1:1; Psalm 33:6, 9; 148:5) and made
everything in it (Genesis 1). He made all men, black,
red, yellow and white (Acts 17:26-29). Man is not
divine and God is not a man (Hosea 11:9).
Jesus Christ
a. Jesus Christ is God, the Second
Person of the Triune God. He became man [i.e. the
God-man] (John 1:1, 14, 18; 5:18).
b. He died for the sins of all men,
black, red, yellow and white (1 Corinthians 15:3; 1
John 2:2)
c. He rose bodily from the dead and is
returning to earth one day (Luke 24:36-39; John 2:19;
20:24-29; Acts 1:11; Revelation 1:7).
Salvation
a. Man’s nature and spiritual
condition, whether black, red, yellow or white, is
sinful (Jeremiah 17:9; Isaiah 64:6; Matthew 15:18-19).
Every person is lost and alienated from God (Romans
5:12; 3:23).
b. No person, whether black, red,
yellow or white, can save himself (Galatians 2:16;
Ephesians 2:8-9; Titus 3:5).
c. Salvation is a gift from God to be
received by faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior
(Acts 4:12; Romans 6:23; Ephesians 2:8-9).
Selected Bibliography
Akridge, Colin P. Why I Cannot Be A
Black Muslim. Newport, PA: Research and Education
Foundation, 1995.
Gardell, Mattias. Countdown to
Armageddon: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam.
London: Hurst, 1996.
Lincoln, C. Eric. The Black Church
Since Frazier. New York: Schocken, 1989.
—. The Black Muslims in America.
Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press,1994.
Muhammad, Elijah. Message to the
Blackman in America. Chicago: The Final Call,
1965.
—. Our Savior has Arrived.
Newport News, VA: United Brothers Communications
System, n.d.
Muhammad, Warith Deen. Al-Islam
Unity and Leadership. Calumet City, IL: W. Deen
Muhammad, 1991.
Sources Cited
Muhammad, Elijah. Message to the
Blackman in America. Chicago: The Final Call,
1965.
—. Our Savior has Arrived.
Newport News, VA: United Brothers Communications
System, n.d.
—. "The Mother Plane." The Final
Call, July 16, 1966, 18.